Is the Prenatal Environment that Important??

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The pessimistic effects of environmental exposure during pregnancy on fetal growth and children development have been confirmed. It has been found that environmental exposures during pregnancy have a great influence on the growth and development of fetus, birth outcomes and children's psychology, behavior and neural development. In this review, according to different types of environmental exposures, we focused on the key issues of the fetus or children induced by four aspects of environment exposure, including environmental chemicals, unhealthy life styles and behaviors, stress and other risk factors, and discussed the adverse effects of environmental factors on the growth and development of infants, children's psychology, behavior, social and cognitive, such as birth defects, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, emotional problems, learning disorder and intelligence development and so on. We also suggested that the researches on mechanism of the negative effects of environmental exposure on children's health should be strengthened in the future.

Effect of Infectious Diseases on Pregnancy:

Many diseases have ability to affecting a growing fetus. Doctors find that when a mother contracts rubella (also known as the German measles) early in her pregnancy, her child might suffer blindness, heart abnormalities, and brain damage as a result. Other infectious diseases that can impact a growing fetus include, but are not limited to, syphilis, toxoplasma, and varicella zoster (chicken pox)

Impact of Medications on Prenatal Development:

Today, doctors recognize the teratogenic effects of some medications, such as some anticonvulsants, ACE-inhibitors (a type of blood pressure medication), statins (cholesterol-lowering medications), isotretinoin (anti-acne), warfarin (blood thinner), and methotrexate.

Because of the capable dangers, it is important for pregnant women to discuss the risks and benefits of their medication regimen with their doctor, ideally prior to conception.

Psychoactive Substances and Prenatal Development:

What impact can these psychoactive substances have on development?

Tobacco use can result decreased birth-weight as well as an increased risk of abnormalities such as urinary tract and limb malformations.

Alcohol use during pregnancy causes fetal alcohol syndrome which is characterized by facial abnormalities including a smaller than average head size, a flattened nose, wide spacing between the eyes, and a narrow upper lip. Fetal alcohol syndrome also results in congnitive impairments, impaired physical growth, learning disabilities, and behavioral problems.

Minimizing the Environmental Dangers:

Providentially, the effects of many environmental dangers can be minimized or even avoided entirely. Thanks to increased awareness of the effects of diseases, medications, and psychoactive substances, mothers are able to better ensure that they are healthy and free of harmful substances by the time they conceive a child.

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